![]() ![]() Exosomal miR-124a can be transported to glioblastomas to play a tumor-suppressive role. Exosomal miR-451a plays a protective role against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Exosomal miRNAs participate in numerous biological processes during nerve injuries. Moreover, miRNAs (a class of 17–24 nt small, noncoding RNAs) have been identified in exosomes and are involved in the biogenesis, release, and uptake of relevant proteins by mediating post-transcriptional gene silencing by binding to target mRNAs. Thus, new therapeutic targets or mechanisms for CVSD are warranted.Įxosomes, presenting as 30-150 nm extracellular vesicles in diameter, carry rich contents to exert their bioinformatics function near or distantly and have been demonstrated to play important roles in vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, diabetic vasculopathy, and stroke. Currently, conventional anti-hypertensive, lipid regulatory, and antiplatelet aggregation treatments are not effective in improving cognitive and motor function impairments in patients. White matter and deep gray matter damage caused by CVSD is also considered a major cause of cognitive impairment due to damaged crosstalk between the arteries, capillaries, and small veins. CVSD is a series of clinical, imaging, and pathological syndromes caused by various etiologies that affect the small arteries, microarteries, capillaries, microvenules, and small veins in the brain. Cerebral small vessel disease (CVSD) accounts for 20%–30% of ischemic stroke cases. doi:10.Stroke is the deadliest disease in China and the second most disabling disease worldwide, and its socioeconomic burden has increased dramatically in the last three decades. Relationship between the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Mini-mental State Examination for assessment of mild cognitive impairment in older adults. Trzepacz PT, Hochstelter H, Wang S, Walker B, Saykin AJ. Avoiding spectrum bias caused by healthy controls. Diagnostic accuracy of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) for cognitive screening in old age psychiatry: determining cutoff scores in clinical practice. ![]() Validity of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) index scores: a comparison with the cognitive domain scores of the Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery (SNSB). Minorities and women are at greater risk for Alzheimer's disease. Cognitive performance on the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment across the healthy adult lifespan. Gluhm A, Goldstein J, Loc K, Colt A, Van Liew C, Corey-Bloom M. Orientation: You will be asked about the date, month, year, day, city, and place you are in.Delayed recall: You will be given five words and asked to repeat them back after five minutes.Abstraction: You will be asked what is in common between two different things (such as an apple and an orange, or a car and an airplane),.You will then be shown a series of capital letters and asked to pick out all of the "As." Language: You will first be asked to repeat back two different sentences verbatim.You will then be given a series of letters and asked to pick out the letter "A." Finally, you will be given several numbers and asked to subtract them from 100. Attention: You will first be given a series of numbers and asked to repeat them forward or backward.Naming: You will be shown pictures of three animals and asked what type of animal they are. ![]() ![]() Finally, you will be asked to draw a dial clock that reads 10 minutes past 11:00. Next, you will be given a drawing of a three-dimensional cube and asked to make a copy. Executive and visuospatial function: You will first be given a picture with numbered dots (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) and lettered dots (A, B, C, D, E) and asked to connect them sequentially, alternating numbers and letters. ![]()
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